Variable-speed and reversing gear.



No. 827,454. PATENTED JULY 31-, 1906.

- H. w. LEONARD.

VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

,APPLIOATION FILED 0012741902.

" a sEEETs-sHEET 1.

WITNESSES:

INVENTOI? I w I \\\\.I I E I D E H .MNHH N! d h I I Q I I I 1 3 @IIIIIM In..- E

I l N 4 a Q I I I I I -WI I I m w. in in I I I N III I 1 I I I u L 2 11-0. 827,454. BATENTED JULY 31,- 1-906;

H. W. LEONARD; I VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

APPLICATION PIL'ED; OOT. 751902..

a SHEETS-SHEET 2'@ WITNESSES (VEN 70/? Q aMZi MW I but the-former gears having a direct rive able-S eed and Reversing To all whom'it n tay concern:

4 Be it known that 'I, HA RY WARD LEON- Anna citizen of the United States,'resid ing -at Bronxville, in the county of Westchester and State'ofv New York, have invented a oer-- tain new and useful Improvement-in Variv Gears, of\ which the fol owing is a specification.

speed gear to get' good results on'various It is wellknown to those skilled in the that a motor-ear having a gasolenemotor forits motive power ,I'BQUHGS" a variablegrades. It is important that the variablei l s eed gear should beinuse as little as possi de reciation, the objection to frequent shiftving of the gears,- &c. variable-speed gears b e on account of/the" loss' of power, noise,

as now in use} havetwoand sometimes three different speeds, and some are so arranged that when the vehicle is operated iat its highest speed thechange gear is not in use'that is v to'say, there is provided a direct driving con nection from the engineshaft tozthe driven 'tion.

It has .been found in practice that in tour-;

shaft,, a clutch being provided to make and break this connection in operating the ear;

haveoccupied a great deal vof-space and have been expensive and unsatisfactory in opera 'ing with athree-s'peed gear-the high-s eed Gonnection is in use the greater part 0 the. time but on account of the high speed ususequent correspondingreductlon of .torq'ue, I this-necessitates frequent shiftin of the driv-.-

ing connection inasce'ndin' an the various grades met-with 14 run as much as possible on thefldirect driving connection, becauseof'thesmoother runnin of the car 'unde'r such conditions, and it wi bexreadily understood thatfwhen the direct 1 4 driving connection is employed for the high-- Tally desiredfor the maximum s eed, with condescending 'Motor-cari. operators arealw' ys inclined to est speedit' will be necessary to frequently, change to thenextulower sp'eedto ascend most hills.- The condition and grades of; roads traveled over in touring are such that the third speed. of'myffour-speed gear will be I as fastas the car can-be driveh, because the roads are rarely favorablefor high-speeds and legal restrictions as to speed also fre quently make the fourth-speed-prohibitive;

The first and second speeds will be rarely e'mployed in ordinary'touling, because as a gen kg most roads.

overcome-the hills ordinarily met with, and especially since the momentum ofthe car will enable itte mount short hills of even ten to 'twelv'eper cent. grades. It occasionally happens that a good stretch-of road is met with,ya nd at such times I'have. found it ole-v sir-able to have an additional higher-speed tonnection. x

On'e object of myinvention-isto procure HARRY WARD LEoNAaD, or 'BRONXVIL E, nEwroR VARIABLE-SPEEDAND RYEVERSI'NYG' GEAR.-

' I P atented dulyi, I

K eral rule the third speed will besufiicient to several graduated forward speeds and a reversed speed, so arranged that the operator can obtainbysimple manipulating means" v 7 the necessary different speeds required in practice, while securing a simple, reliable, and. compact form of variable gear. 1 ThlS description and accompanying drawings. -Another object of my inventlon 1s toiprovide a gear in which the direct driving 9011-. nection. will for usual cases as regard weight of car, power, and roads not be on the hlghest lspeed of the gear, but preferably on the 'th r' T speed, and when the direct drive is on an 1ntermediate speed to provide an additional higher-speed connection which w ll be used under exceptionally good conditions. The,

be clearly understood from the following carrying out of this'idea requires a novel arrangement of gear-wheels and pinionsand the shifting mechanism for pla'cmg them into andbutof-meSh, and Ialso provide a simple form of reversing-gear;

.fifteen-horse-power motor and afour-speed ear the'highest speed is about forty milesper In .my variable-speed gear I arrange our. v I the fourth or hi h speed gear so as to g ve In amodern touring-car provided with.a..

"the hi hestposs1 lespeed onpa nearly level a road; ut under such connectlons the motor 2 5 will not drive the vehicle up 'mor'e than per haps a two or three per cent. grade lfthe ve- A hicle, with its load, we1ghs,.say; twenty-five 1 hundred pounds. The third speed on the direct driving connection as I arrange-1t 1s about twenty-four miles per hour. With the. motor operating. at its maximum speed." andwith this connection the .vehlcle' canybe driven, up a continuous grade of about five-'1:

.per cent.m"Tl 1e second sffifed i s aboutjffour- 1 I teen miles per hour and will dr ve the car up a grade-of about ei htper cent xand the first or lowest-speed wi be about jeightmilesper o hour and-will drive the car {ripatwerity-per:

cent! g'r'ade; .With this arrangement of the I I gearing a much. higherflgeneral efficiency is obtained'and the. shifting of the change-gear, with consequent advantage that the operator can direct his entire attention to steering, &c. Other advantages are freedom from noise and reduction of wear and freedom from shock to the mechanism in ordinary touring, while still permitting a still higher speed on the fourth gear when exceptional opportunities for increased speed present themselves. a

In traveling one hundred miles over ordinary roads w1th a motor-car provided with my improved variable-speed gear I avoid the use of any gears in the change-gear box for probably ninety-eight miles out of the hundred, and it will thus be seen that the wear and noise of the gears will be greatly reduced and the frequent shifting of the gears, with objectionable consequences, as heretofore necessary, will be avoided.

My preferred form of four-speed gear having. direct drive on the third s eed is-an advantageous one for a car use considerably in crowded city streets, as the tor ue of the third speed will be sufficiently hig forthe necessary acceleration of the car after it is slowed down on account of trafiic obstructions and the s eed obtainable from the direct drive will e sufficiently high' for satisfactory service in city streets. Hence under such conditions the opening of the clutch and shifting of the gear and application of the brakes are materially reduced by the use of my invention. Of course in a racing-car or any other car in which the power is high relatively to'the weight or the habitualuse of the car is overroads havin a road-surface or grades sufiiciently favorab .e to habitually operate the car on the highest gear it will then be desirable to have the direct drive for the highest gear, and this can be accomplished by various modifications of my invention.1- It will. also be understood that I am notlimited in the scope of my invention ex- 'cept as expressed in the appended claims.

The various novel features of my invention will] be understood from the following description and will be more particularly set forth. in the appended claims,

My invention is illustrated in the accompan'ying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a p an view of the gearing with the casing shown in horizontal sectionand the shifting mechanism removed; Fig. 2, a vertical cross-section on' the line ,2 20f Fig. 1 Fig. 3, an elevation of the entire mechanism, the casing shown in section; Fig. 4, a

diagram ofthe cam-surfaces of the camshaft.

.Referring to the drawings, A, B, and C are three shafts journaled. in suitable bearin s secured-in, the endwalls of the gear-case and; in, intermediate bearings d, mounted,- on

P953" rojectingirom the bottomof the casi'ng, haft A s of rectangular or. other equivalentyshape in cross-section inside the i casing and has mounted thereon a pinion 19 and ear-wheel 27, which are either secured toget er or formed in one piece. these two gears are integral and the hub is provided with a groove a, with which the ork e of shifting-arm E engages to shift said gears along shaft A. This gear member is also provided with clutch-jaws F, adapted to engage clutch-jaws F" on the inner end of shaft B. As shown, the clutch-head which forms the inner end of shaft B has a cylindrical bore to receive the reduced cylindrical inner end of shaft A, as shown in dotted lines, said head thus forming a bearing for shaft A. Shaft B in addition to being provided with clutch. members F has keyed thereon or formed integrally therewith gear-Wheel 34 and pinion 19. No'longitudinal movement is imparted to this shaft or the clutch and gear members carried thereby. Shaft C at the left-hand end has keyed thereon gearwheel 34* and pinion 26, the former being adapted to mesh with pinion 19 and the latter with gear-wheel 27. The right-hand end of shaft C, which is of rectangular or other equivalent shape in crosssection, carries sleeve c, having keyed thereon or formed integrally therewith pinion 19 and gear-wheel 34. This sleeve is also provided with a As shown,

flange forming a groove 0, with which en- 5 ings h, formed in' the end and side walls of the casing. This pinion is adapted to mesh with gearsl9 and 34 when gears 19 and 27 occupy a osition intermediate the gears 34 and 26. inion H is normally out of mesh, and arm. k is adapted to be engaged by arm 71, of lever H to throw the pinion into mesh with said gears 19 and 34. This lever is pivoted between the arms of a bifurcated stud k projecting from theside wall of the casing. Lever H is o erated by cam h on the reduced portion 0 the left-hand end of cam-shaft I when that shaft is rotated in a direction opposite to the arrow. When cam it moves out of engagement with lever H, pinion H drops by gravity to break mesh with the gears referred to. t

The cam-shaft I for shifting the gears is centrally mounted with res ect to shafts A, B, and O inbearings forme in the end walls of the casing, and either or both ends of the shaft may project beyond the casing for connection with suitable means for impartin a rotary movement thereto, said means, it ein understood, will be operated by any suitab e form of speed-controlling mechanismon the vehicle. Extending horizontally w th the cam-shaft I are two short rods J, carried I by projections from the cover of the casing,

respectively;

and on which rods slide sleeves 'E and G from which pro'ect the shift-arms E and G "l hese shifting-arms are provided with "small rollers which work in the cam-grooves! I and I respectively. In

shifting the-gears from rest to full s eed the cam shaft I isf'rotated in the k of the arrow on" that shaft, an'dit will be understood thatjin shifting from higher to' lower speeds the shaft will be rotated in the irection opposite-direction; N operating connection for-rotating the,cam-shaft is illustrated,

1 since any suitable mechanism may be employedsuch,' for instance, as a rack and pinion connected with the usual operating lever or wheeli I A {s 1 The'position ofthe parts as illustrated in 1 the vdrawings indicate the position of rest ,and

in'shifting' to' the various speeds the operaftion-is asfollow'sr In rotating the cam-shaft from the position of rest, which is marked position 1 on the diagram Fig. 4, to position-2,

which is thefstarting position,the cam-shaft imoves arm E to' the left,"whereby pinion 19 in the'position of rest pinion 19 and gear-' is moved in the same direction and into mesh with gear-wheel34i- It will be observed that wheel 34" are in mesh and that in rotating the cam-shaft totheistarting position arm G moves inthe straight portion of cam-groove I and hence these two gears remain in mesh.

; a This operation. establishes the low-speed driving connectionas' follows: fromshaft'A cam shaft toposition 4 the gears controlledbyiar'm G still remain in the same position,- while "armfiE is moved farther to the right,

- and pinion: 19 to' ear-wheel 34 and shaft O, and from. shaft lgear-wheel34 to shaft B. By continuing the rotation of 'the cam-shaft to position 3 arm G continues to travel in'the straight portionof the cam-groove I, thus maintainin through pinion 19 and gears 19? and 34 in mesh, and arm E is move back "to theright by cam-groove I, thus shifting gears'19 and'27 to the right to a po- -siti'onintermediate the earsj34 and 26, (as' inpositionth) thus brea 'ngthe driving con,

.nectionyand :bycontinuing'the rotation of the thus placing gear-wheel :27- in mesh with p n-' ion 26. This establishes the second-speed 1 connection through shafts A, B, and C. By

" continuing the rotation of the cam-shaft to position 5"arm Gis moved. to the 'left,thu sf shifting .sl'eeve c inthe same directionanld. breakingmesh between pinion 19 and gearwheel 34?,jandat the same time arm E coirtinues to travel to-the ri ht, carrying gears -19F-sa'nd'27 the same I Qmesh between gears 26 and 27 ,";and bringing 6o- .establishes the third speed or direct drivihg' connection between shaftsA and B. Itiseviirection, breaking clutch F andgF into locking'po sition. This dent that,'if desired, the gears '19 and 34 may ,remaln mesh onthe third speed, and there 5 will then, be no driving connectionof the caring, since only two'gears will be mesh.

f now itis desired to travelat astill greater speed, cam-shaft I is farther rotated in the gears 26 and '27 into mesh.

an indicationof the "speeds obtained it may be pointed out that the reference numerals 19,

- 26, 27 and 34 on theigears indicate their relative sizes or the numbervof teeth;.but of course it will beunderstood that the relative sizesof the gears'may bevaried -To reduce speed, cam-shaft I is rotated in the opposite direction, and the gear connections above describedwill be established in. thereverse order, and when the controlling lever orwheel which operates the cam-shaft is returned to the position of rest the cam-shaft and cooper'ating parts and the gears willagain assume the positions shown in Figs. '1 and 3. The reversing-pinion H is operated"only'when the gears are in the position'in Fi 1that is to say, if the vehicleis at rest'an itis desired to go backward it is only necessary to raise pin ion H into mesh with gears-l9fiand 34; by rotating cam-shaft Pin the direction opposite to, the arrow, which, as above explained, operates lever H and frameh. When the vehicle is traveling in a forward direction, the cam-shaft is rotated backward pastthe position of rest until cam h engages lever H to raise pinion H. I .l

The employment of the two independently axially movable elements for securing the severalgeared speeds and'the'direct drive makes it possible to greatly reduce thedimensions of the gear-hex, to reducethe cost of-manufac- 'ture, to simplify the controlling mechanism," and to reduce the depreciation of the-gears 'andother parts by thereduction 'of'weight, "and the more'desirable method of engaging the' ears which this arrangement makes readi y possible.

, 'While. I' 'have described "my improved change=speedgear as applicable to motor-cars,

it is evident that said gearing may beequally {as well applied toother vehicles or 'apparatus-' idesigned 'tolbe operated at two or more dif? ferent speeds.

. What I claim"is v 1'. In a variablespeed--gear for motor-cars,-

the combination of' three shaftswhose axes are fixedyrelatively toeach other and two of .said shafts having their axes axially alined,

means for-coupling the two axially-alined shafts so that they'will rotite at the same coupling said driving and driven shafts tospeed, a plurality of axially-movable elements each being adapted to eflect two different power-transmitting connections; a plurality of axially-fixed elements, and means for axially moving said movable elements for Ohtaining three diflerent geared forward drives.

2. In a variable-speed gear for m otor cars, the combination of cooperating. shafts, a plu rality of fixed .elements,ltwo independently axially movable elements, means for combinin said elements so that each of said movab e elements effects two difierentpowertransmitting connections and including a direct drive, means cooperating with certain of said elements for obtaining a reverse drive, and a single manipulating means for obtaining all of the various combinations.

3. In a gearing mechanism for obtaining four forward progressive speeds, the combination of adriving-shaft, a driven shaft, said two shafts being arranged end to end, a third shaft parallel with the first two shafts, gears on said shafts whereby the drivingshaft may be geared to the, driven shaft for either, the lowest speed, secondor fourth speeds, means for directly couplin said driving and driven shaftstogethe'rfort e third speed, andm'echanism for imparting to the movable elements the desired movement and for holding said elements in position.

4. In a variable-speed gear for motor-cars, the combination of a plurality of shafts, two of said shafts being axially alined, gearing for obtaining a low-speed drive of the motor-car and a high-speed'drive, said gearing connecting certain. of said shafts, means for securing an intermediate speed by a direct drive between said axially-alined shafts, and means whereby the parts may be manipulated tosecure a progressive increase in speed.

5. In a variable-speed gear, the combination of a driving shaft, a driven shaft, said two shafts bein arranged in alinement, a third shaft paral el with the first two shafts, gears on said shafts whereby the driving shaft will be geared to the driven shaft for either low or high speed, means for directly gether for. an intermediate speed, mechanism for shifting the gears-and coupling into and out of operative position for securing a progressive change in speed, and a reversing-gear adapted to mesh with a gear on the drivingshaft and a gear on the third shaft for reversing the direction of rotation.

6. In a four-speed change and reversing gear for motor-cars, two shafts, means for positively connecting said shafts for obtaining one forward speed of the car, a third shaft, gear-wheels arranged on certain of said shafts for obtaining three other speeds of the car, said gear-wheels comprising aplurality'of axially-movable elements each being adapted to effect two different power-transmitting connections, means comprising a reversing-gear 'en tly axially movable 'ele1n'ents,"one' 6rsaid movable elements comprising two gears and theother of said mova le elements comprising means for effecting two different powertransmlttmg connect1ons,'means for 'co'mbming said 'axia'lly'fixed and movable elements so as to obtain 'a plurality of geared forward speeds and a direct drive, and a si'nglecontrolling device for obtaining said combinations.

8. In a motor-car change-gear, the combination of a driving and a driven shaft axially alined, means for coupling said shafts, a" third shaft parallel to said alined shafts, gear-wheels comprising a movable pair of spur-gears on one of said shafts and another independently axially movable element, said,element having means for effecting two different powertransmitting connections, means for connecting said gearing andshaft-coup'ling for obtaining two geared forward speeds of the 02-. and a direct drive, and means cooperating with said gears for obtaining a reverse rotation.

9. In a variable-speed gear, the combination with a driving-shaft having two gears, and a clutch member movable longitudinally thereon and adapted to rotate therewith, a

driven shaft having a clutch member, two gears in a fixed position thereon, said two shafts being in alinement, a third shaft jarallel thereto, two gears fixed at one and of said third shaft adapted to mesh respectively with the movable gears on the driving-shaft, two gears on the other end of said third shaft movable longitudinally thereon and ada )ted to rotate therewith, and arrangedtomesli respectively with the gear on the driven shaft, mechanism for shifting said movable gears and clutch member into and out of operative position, and a reversing-gear adapted to mesh with a gear on the driving-shaft and the adjacent gear on the third shaft to reverse the direction of rotation thereof.

' 10'. In a motor-car change-speed mechanism, three cooperating shafts whose axes'are fixed and two of which are axially alined, a plurality of axially-fixed elements, a plurality of axially-movable elements each of said movable elements having means toeffect two different power-transmitting connections, one of said movable elements effecting a direct connection of said alined shafts, means for combining said elements to operate the car at three different forward speeds, gearing mechanism cooperating with said elements for obtaining a reverse motion of the car, and a single manipulating device for obtaining the various combinations.

11,. In a motor-car change-speed mechany as 45 v i ing secured by a d1rect' connection offsaid' fixed anditwo ofwhich are *axi'ally alined,'

driving means "comprising a ally independentl movable e ements for, connecting said; shaft 10 .u A i 12."In a motor-car"change speedmechan-' ism, three cooperating shafts whoseaxes are fixed and two ofwhich are axiallyalined, a 'pluralityof'ge-ar s u on certainof said shafts,

ism, three 'cteperatin shafts whose'axes are.

plurality of axis for giving four forward speeds-of. the. car, each of said elements being adapted to e'fiect two different power-transm'itting connections, and a single. controlling device for obtaining the ifarious' combina-;

tions.

a plurality of axial y independently movable .elemerits,- each, of, said. elements comprising two gears, a clutch device for connecting and disconnecting said alined shafts, means for combining said gears, elements and clutchv device to operate the carat difierent forward speeds, andmeansengagingone of'said gears for obtaining areverse motion of the car. I

' 13.--In-a', motor-carehange-jspeed meohanism, three cooperating shafts whose axs are a clutch member, \a plurality of axially. indefixed and two of Whioh-are'j-axiallyalined, a plurality of axially-fixed elements including 'pendently-movab'le elements, each-\ of said movablenelements being adapted to effect .two different power-transmitting connections,

one of said movable elements having a'clntch ,member, means for combining said elements.

. and clutch membersto operate the/ ear at four different ,forward speeds, one of sa id speeds being obtained ythe direct conneclawn of said alined shaf s by said clutch members', and means for obtaining a reverse moaxes are fixed and two of'which are axially :alined, and means cornprisi'n aplurality of;

. axially independently movabdee obtainingfour forward speeds and areverse tion of the car cooperatingitherewith. v

1%; In a motor-car variable-speed mechanism, the combinationof three-shafts, whose motion of the ocar, -one,of said four speeds bealined shafts,- and each of said elementsbeing v are axially alined', and mechanism compris plurality of independently 'axiall mov' a e e 5 5 ements for cooperating with sai shafts v adapted to effect two,

adapted to effect "two different. power trans- 'mittin cgnnections.

15; n a motor-car'change speed mechan' ism, the combination-of three cooperating shafts whose axes are fixed and two of which 'to ,s'ecuie four forward speedsand one reverse speed of the "car, each 'ofsaid'elements being different power-trans mittin connections;- a

, 16. n a motorcar change-speed mecham ism, three cooperating shafts'yvhose axes vare fixedand two ofwhich ar axially alined, Aneans comprising axially fixed spun-gears and two inde 'endently axially movable elementsffor o taining; two forward geared t and mechanism ements for :drives and' a"; d-irectdri ve, eaehPof-s'aid e1'e'--. j; ments being adapted to effect tWodifferentpoWer-transmitting connections,- gearing e01 operating with certain of said spur-gears for 'l o 79 ta-inin a reverse drive, and a single co'n trolling evice for obtaining the variouscom- .bin'ations. 17'. In. a four-speed shaft, gear-wheels movable on saidcoilntere shaft on one side of the clutch, independen'tly-movable gear-wheel's on one of the firstnamed shafts located on theopposite side of said clutch, 'Wherebyonedirect drive :and three different-geared drives can be obtained,

nections;

18. In a four-Speedgear, two shafts arranged end to end, a clutch for directly con meeting and disconnecting said shafts, a countenshaft parallel to said shafts, two r ear, two shafts ar ranged end for" end, a c utch for connecting and disconnecting said shafts, a. counter-"'75 for effecting the several conear-wheels of different size on -one'of1 the I nrst-named' shafts, two corresponding gear- Wheels on the counter-shaft adapted to mesh therewith, two gear-wheels of different size on'the other of the 'first-named twoshafts,"

two correspondin gear-Wheels on the coun- Z ter-s'haft adapte "named two gear-wheels; and means for'mak-:

to ;mesh with the lastf, g y ,95- ing and breaking mesh betweenrthe' re'sp'ec tive pairs of gear-wheels and for operating 1 .said clutch, whereby a direct drive and thr'eey- 'difierent-, 3;eared drives can be obtained 19. In a four-speed change andreversing vioo' ,gear, 'two shafts, means for positively con- @necti'ng said shafts for'on'e forward speed, a

' counter shaft, gear- Wheels arrangl d on" said,

shafts movable relatively-to eac IObtai'ning-three other forward speeds, means; 105

;compris inga movable reversing-pinion for] s iconnectin ,glel controd iable'elements 7 a w a 20. In a change speedgearfthe:combinae one pair of'gea'r whe'e for'connecting said shafts to operate at the samespeed, a counter-shaft, gearin between i v u said shafts; whereby the driven sha t maybe driven at two or more different -speeds,' "and"a' sin le manipulating device'andfrneanscon:.

- tro led thereby forcausing said'gearingtor'm tate the Idriven Ishaft, at one or moredowe'r e said driving and driven shafts to o crate vspeeds than the driving shaft, for coupling} 13 at the same speed, and for caiisingsai "fgea1f'-* a ing to'rotate the drivenshaftipat a lugher speed than the drivin g sh aft and{effect'azjj rc if v gressive increase inspe' ed g .21.lI'n a motor-fear variable speed Zmeansforobtai 1kt the combinationwith: gearing for 1 obta ning-If" o an g lspe da-iasof a d r to lid ng{7 c an" withj-f'n'o gears I .sald'gearmgmmes 22. In a motor-carvariable-speed gear, the combination with spur-gearing for o taining low forward'and reverse speeds an a ,higher forward speed, of a direct coupling means for obtaining a forward speed between said low higher-speeds and wit no gears of said gearing in mesh.

- 23. In a motor-car variable-speed gear, the combination with gearing for obtaining low forward and reverse speeds and a higher forward speed, of a direct coupling means for obtaining a speed between said low and higher speeds and with no gears of said gearing, in mesh, and a single manipulating device for securing the various combinations.

24. In a motor-car change-speed mechanism, means for obtaining a direct drive, gearing for obtaining" a higher and also a lower sipeed than-that. corresponding to the direct 2o rive, and means whereby said parts may be connected to obtain a progressive increase in speed.

' 25. In a motor-car change-speed mechanism, a driving-shaft, a shaft axially alined therewith, clutch mechanism for connecting said shafts to rotate at the same speed, a third shaft parallel to said alined shafts, spurgearing on certain of said shafts for obtain? ing ahigher and a lower speed of the car than that obtained by use of said clutch mechane ism, and means whereby said parts may be connected to obtain a -progress1ve lncrease in jspeed. I

26. In a motor-car'changeespeed mechan- 5 ism, 'a driving-shaft, a shaft axially alinedtherewith, clutch mechanism for connecting said shafts to rotateat the same speed, a third shaft parallel to said alined shafts, spurgearing on certain of said shafts for obtain- 46 ing lower forward and reverse s' eeds of the car than that obtained by use 0 said clutch mechanism and for obtaining a higher forward speedpf the car than that obtained by said clutch mechanism, and a single manipulating device for obtaining all the various combinations and securing a progressive increase in speed. i

'. 27. In a changespeed mechanism, ,the

combination of .a driving-shaft, a driven 5o shaft axially alined therewith, clutchmechanisni for connecting said shaft to rotate at .the same s eed, a single counter-shaft allelto-said alined shafts,the axes of w ich shafts are fixed relatively to each other, spur-gearmg on certain of said shafts for ob taining-two 'or more forward speeds and arranged to be in o erative driving connection only when said 0 utch is open, a certain element on one of thealined shafts and a certain element on the counter-shaft being axially movable for obtaining the several driving connections, each of said elements being.

l f i Pted' tb effect two different power-transi m Q iQQa-andmeanS for shifting d movable elements.

28. In a change-speed mechanism, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft axially alined therewith, clutch members for connecting said shafts to rotate at the same s eed, a single counter-shaft farallel to said alined shafts, the axes of w ich shafts are fixed relatively to each other, spur-gearing on certain of said shafts for obtaining two or more forward speeds and arranged to be in operative ,connection only when said clutch members are open, there being an axially-movable element on one of the alined shafts and a second axially-movable element on the counter-shaft for obtain- -ng the several driving connections, each of said elements being adapted. to effect two different power transmitting connections,

means for moving the parts for obtaining the different driving connections, and a single actuating devicefor said means.

29. In a change-speed mechanism, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, axially alined therewith, clutch members for connecting said shafts to rotate at the same speed, a third shaft parallel to said alined shafts, the axes of which shafts are fixed relatively to each other, spur-gearing on said shafts for obtaining two or more forward speeds and arran ed to be in operative driving connection on y when said clutch members are open there being a certain element on'one of the alined shafts and a cermittingconnections, cooperating means comprising a spur-gear for obtaining a reverse drive,,. and means for shifting the parts for obtaining the various combinations.

30. In a change-speed mechanism, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaftaxially alined therewith, clutch members for connecting said shaft to rotate at the same speed, a counter-shaft arallel to said alined shafts, the axes of w ich shafts are fixed relatively to each other, spur-gearing on said shafts for obtaining two or more forward speeds and arranged to be in operative driving connection onl when said clutch is 0 en, there being an e ement on one of the a 'ned shafts and anelement on the countershaft axially movable for obtaining the several driving connections, each of said elemerits being adapted to effect two difierent driving connections, means for moving the movable parts, a single actuating device for said means, and cooperating means comprising a spur-gear arranged to connect the axially-alined shafts for obtaining a reverse drive. I

31. In a change speed mechanism for motor -cars, the combination of a drivin shaft, a shaft axially alined therewith, clutc .members for connecting said shafts to rotate at i the samespeed, a counter-shaft parallel to adapted to effect two different power-trans-g llO said alined shafts, the axes of which shafts I o are fixed relativelyfto each other, spur-gearing on said shafts for obtaining two or v more forward, speeds, thereibein'g an element on one of the alined. shafts and. an element on the counter-shaft, axially movable, each of said elements being adapted to effect two different power-transmitting connections, .cooperatlng'means compr slng a spur-gear ally alined. therewith, .clutch members for I connecting said shafts to operate at the same speed, a counter-shaft parallel to said alined shafts, the axesof said shafts being fixed rel-' atively to'each other, spur-gearing'forob' taining three forward sppeds, there 1 being two axially-movable ele ents arranged 'to- I make and break the drivingconnectiomeach of said elements being adaptedto eflect two different powertransmitting. connections,

-' meansfor'moving the axially-movable parts so that no gears onsaidcounter-shafts are engaged when the clutch members are closed, and. cooperating means comprising -a spur-gear for obtaining a'reverse drive, said gear being in engagement with a gear on said driving-shaft when in operation.

33. In a changeespeed mechanism, the

combination of. a driving-shaft,-'a driven shaft axially alined therewith, clutch mem'- -bers forc'onnecting said shafts to rotateat the same speed,- a single counter-shaftparallel to said alined shafts,- the axes of which shafts are fixed relatively to each other, spurgearing on certainof said' shafts forobtaining two'forward speeds, there'being two axiallymovable elements for obtaining the several{ speeds, each-of said elements being adapted to eflect two different power-transmitting connections, meansf'for shifting the movable partsso that no. gears on said counter-shaft -are engaged-when theclu'tch-members are closed, and a-spur-gear' for verse drive, said gear bein obtaining a re in engagement I with a gear on said driving-s aft-when in op "eration.

34; In a change-s eed ear, the combina ".tlonof a dri'vin -sha t, a riven shaft axially alined therewit ,clu'tch members for.'con-,

'necting said; shafts to rotate at the same 7 speed, a counter-shaft parallel to said alined 'shafts, the axes of said shafts being fixed rel.

atively: to each other, spar-gearing on certain of /said shafts for obtaining three forwardgeared-speeds, therebeing a plurality of axially-movable elements, each of said elements transmitting connections, mechanism. for

gear on the 'driven shaftlis driven said;-

. gearing onlywhen said clutchis open and co,

operatlng means comprising a spur-gear for o tamlng a reverse drive, said gear being imengagement: w1t h a- -gear on said dr1v1ngshaft when in; operation.

35.. In a change-speed. gear for motor-cars,

the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft axially alined therewith clutch .menrbers for connecting said shafts to rotate-at the same speed, acountereshaft,parallelto said alined shafts, the aXesQfsaidshaftsbeing fixed relativelyto each other, spur-gea'r- *mg on certain-of said shafts for obtaining a plurality of forward, speedsand arranged to e in operative driving connection only when, said clutch members are, open, there "being a plurality of independently axially movable elementsv arranged tol. make or break :the

driving connection, .-at least two-of said; elements being'adapted toeffect two different.

power-transmittingconnections;cooperating means comprising aspur-gearfor obtaining a .reverse drive, said gear being in engagement with a gear on said driving-shaft when in opelements and for placing said reverse-gearin '36. In a ,four speed gear, two-shafts arranged endto end, a clutch for connecting 9O .eration, means. for controlling the movable "engagement with the driving-gear, and a single actuating device for said means.

and disconnecting said shafts, a countershaft, gear-wheelsmovable uponsaid counter-shaft on one side of the clntch,independ- .entlymovable gear-wheels on one of. the

firstamed shafts-located on the opposite side of said clritch,"whereby one direct-drive and-three different-geared drives canbe/obtained; a spur-gear forobtaining a reverse drive meshing with twoof said gear wheels when in operation, and mecli'anismfor effect,- ing the several connections.

37 In a motor-vehiclechange speed"gear, I

the combination of two shafts; meansifor positively connecting said shafts for one forward speed, a counter-shaft, gear-wheels arranged on certain of said shafts for obtaining three other forward speeds, there being movable elements on more than one of said shafts, a movable reversing spur-gear for connecting one pair of said gear-wheels, and a single con' trolllng device for shifting the movable el-e-' men'ts.

' 38. In afour-speedchange and reversing gear for motor-vehicle's, adriving-shaft, a driven-shaft, means for positively connecting said shafts for one forward s eed, a countershaft, gearwheels],arran e on certain of saidshafts for obtaining three other forward speeds, .there being, a plurality ofindependently, axially movable 'elements, atleast two different power-transmitting connections, a

reversing 'spnr gear meshing with 'a gearwheel on the driving-shaftand a gear-wheel of said elements being adapted'to eifecttwo v 1' 'a single controlling device forshifting the movable elements.

39. In a motor-car four speed gearing, a. driving-shaft and a driven shaft arrangedend to end, a clutch for connecting and dis connecting said shafts, a counter-shaft, gearwheels on certain of said shafts-whereby one direct drive and three difierent-geared drives can be obtained, there being a plurality of axially-movable elements, at least two of said elements being each adapted to effect two different power-transmitting connections, mechanism for efiecting the several connec- .15 tions so that the gear onthe driven shaft is driven by said gearing only when said clutch is open, and a single actuating device for operating said mechanism.

40. In a motor-car four-speed gearing, a driving-shaft and a driven shaft arranged end to end, a clutch for connecting and disconnecting said shafts, a counter-shaft, gearwheels on certain of said shafts, there being a plurality of inde endently axially movable 2 5 elements, two 0 said elements being each adapted to efiect two different power-transmitting connections, whereby one direct drive and threedifferent-geared drives can be obtained, mechanism for effecting the several 0 connections so that the gear on the driven shaft is driven by said gear-wheels only when said clutch is open, and a\single actuating device'for operating said mechanism to give a gradually-increasing speed of the car by a 3 5 progressive movement ofsaid device in one direction. r;

41. In a motor-car change-speed gear, the

combination of cooperating shafts, gearing thereon comprising an axially-movable ele- 4o ment for obtaining the first, second, and third speeds, and a second independently axially movable element for obtaining the fourth speed, and a single manipulating device for obtaining the various connections.

42 In a motor-car change-speed gear, the

combination of cooperating shafts and gear- .ing thereon, comprising an axially-movable element forobtaining the first, second, and third s eed,a second independently axially 5o movab e element for obtaining the fourth speed, means cooperating with said gearing whereby a reverse movement ofthe car is obtained, and a single manipulating device for obtaining the various connections.

5'5 43. In a motor-car change-speed gear, the

combination of cooperating shafts, and gearlng thereon comprlsing an axially-movable element for obtaining the first, second, and third speeds, a second independently axially 3o movable element for obtaining the fourth speed,- means cooperating with the same gears as are used for obtaining the first speed for producing 'a reversed rotation of the driven shaft, and a singlema-nipulating device for obtaining the various connections.

- 44. In a motor-car change-speed gear, the combination of eight spur-gears and means for combining them to obtain three different speeds of the driven shaft each inthe same direction and each different from the speed of the driving-shaft, there being two independently axially movable elements, each of said elements being adapted to effect two different power-transmitting connections, and,

means cooperating with four .of, the eight spur-gears for obtaining a reversed rotation of the driven shaft.

45. In a motor-car change-speed gear, the combination of eight spur-gears and means for combining them to obtain three different speeds of the driven shaft each in the same direction and each different from the speed 7 of the driving-shaft, means cooperating with four of thesaid eight spur-gears for obtaining a reverse rotation of the driven'shaft, and

means for operating the driven shaft in the same direotlon and at the same speed as the driving-shaft, there being two inde endently axially movable elements, each 0 said ele- I ments being adapted to effect two different 0 power-transmitting connections.

46. In a motor-car change-speed gear, the combination of spur-gears, a clutch device, means for moving three elements thereof for obtaining threeforward speeds of the driven 5 shaft, each difierent from the speed of the driving-shaft, the same speed of the driven shaft as'that of the driving-shaft, and a reversed speed, two ,of said elements being axially movable and each being adapted to efiect two diifer ent power-transmitting connections.

47. Ina motor-car change-speed gear, the combination of spur-gears, a clutch device, means for moving at least three elements thereof for obtaining three forward speeds of the driven shaft each different from the s eed axially movable elements by the movement of whichfour difierent forward speeds are obtained, three of which speeds employ gearwheels and the fourth speed employ ing'a .di-

rect drive between said alinied shafts, each of said elements being adapted to effect two different, power-transmitting. connections, 12 5 and means cooperating with the gears used for one forward drive to secure a reverse drive. i 1 l 49. Ina motor-car change-speed gear, the combination of cooperating shafts two of 1 o which are axially alined, gear-wheels and a clutch device com rising two independently axially movable e ements by the movement of which four differentforward speeds are obtained, three of which speeds em loy gearwheels and the fourth speed em 'oys a direct drive between said alined shafts, each of said elementsbeing adapted to effect two differentpower --transmitting connections, means cooperating with the gears used for one forward drive to secure a reverse drive, I and a single controlling device for obtain ng t the various comb1nat1ons..-

combination of two axially-alined shafts and a third shaft, 'power:'transmittm means on said shafts comprisin'gtwo axially-movable ,means on said third sha the direct drive is secured.

- independentlyaxiall -movable elements, and.

elements and a third movable element, each of said movable elementscomprising a gear wheel, and by the movement of which three diferent forward s eeds and one reverse speed are obtaine one of said forward s eeds being a direct drive between said a ined shafts, and means for positively moving'each 'of said two elements in both directions and so thatno ower -transmitting is engaged when 51. In a motor-car change-gear, the combination ofa lurality-of cooperating shafts, two of, said s afts' being axially alined, two

"a third movable; e ement,by the moveby the engagement of-said thir ment with the driving-gear, and a sin le con-- trolling meansfor'obtaining the said orward mentof which three different forward speeds and one reverse are obtained, one ofsaid fo'r- "ward speeds being a direct drive between said,

alined shafts',and the reverse speed being olbe espeeds and reverse. I

- 52. a motor-car change-speed'gear', the comb nation of a lurality' 1o cooperatinig.

reverse'speed, one of said forward "speeds 'beengagement of said third element with" the -gear. v I 53. n a. motor-car change-gear, the combination ofa plurality of cooperating'shafts,

independentlyaxially-movableelements,and

; ward speeds bein a direct drive betweensaid two of said shafts being axially alined, two

atbird movable element}. by the 'move- :ment of which four different forward speedsand one reverse are obtained, one of said for-1 alin'ed shafts, an the reverse speed bein obtained by theengagementgif saidfthii; element with the driving-gear, and a single con-- reverse drive. 50.' .In a motor-carchange speed gear, the

speeds and reverse.

'54. Ina motor-car change-gear, the combination of three shafts, two of said shafts being axially alined, one or more spur-gears on certain of said shafts, there being two independently axially movable elements, each of saidelements being adapted to effect two h trolling device for obtaining the'said forward difierent power-transmitting connections,

. and a single controlling means'for combining the gears and-coupling the alined shafts for producing three geare bination of shafts and gears t ereon. for obtaining three forward geared speeds and a direct drive, the said shafts having fixed axes, there being two axially-movab manually in both directions, and means coforward speeds and av 55,. Ina motor-car change.- ear, the com.- I

e elements, means whereby sa1d elements are moved operating-therewith for obtaining a reverse movement of the car. 56. In a motor-car change-gear, two axially-alined shafts, athird shaft whose axis is fixed relatively to said two shafts, a plurality of axially-fixed elements upon certam of said shafts and a plurality of axially-movable ele-,

ments forobtaining a pluralit of different-- geared forward s eeds of the t d shaft and a direct drive etween' the axiallyalined shafts, at least two ofsaid axially-movable elements each being adapted to effect two difi'erentpower -'transmitting connections means whereby said'two elements are move a I jroo axially in both directions manually, and

means cooperating therewith for obtaining al reverse movement of the car.

57. In-a'motor-car change-gear, two axi ally-alined shafts, a third-shaft whose axis is I ,fi'xe d relatively tosaid two shafts, a plurality I, of spur ear-wheels axially" fixed u on certain of sa1d shafts, a plurality of axia y-mov able elements each adapted to effect two differentpower-transmittmgconnections,means for engaging said axiall -movable elements with corresponding fixe elements, a clutch device for directly connecting said axiallyalilied shafts, whereby three d1flerent -geared" forward speeds and .a direct driveare obtained, and means cooperating with' certain of said gears for-fobta'imng areverse drive. 58. In a motor-car chan e-gear, the comfixedf elements,- two independently axially movable'elenients, each of saidmovable ele merits-being adapted to,effect two different 'ower-transmitting connections, :and means bination of cooperatin "'sha 59. a moto rcar change-gean'the combination of cooperating sha s, a pluralityof or combining said elements so as to obtain a I j lur'ality of'geared speeds and a direct drive.

a 1.2 5- v ts, a plurality of fixed elements, two. ,lnde end'ently axially movable elements, eachosaid movable -element-sbeingadapted to eflecttwoidiiferent power-transmitting sensations-mea .for

' i ble elements, each movable element com- -uniting said elements so as to obtain a plurality of geared speeds-and a direct drive, and.

prising two gear-wheels, means for combinmg said gears and movable elements so as to obtain a plurality of geared s eeds and a direct drive, a'nda single contro ling device for fobtai'n-ing said combinations.

bination of cooperating shafts,

- and 9.

' 62. In a motor-car change-gear, the coma plurality of fixed ears, two independently axially movable ements, each movable element comprising-two gears, means for combining said gears and movable elements so as to obtain a plurality ofgeared speeds and a direct drive, means 1n combination with certain of saidgears for-obtainin a reverse drive.

63. In a motor-car c ange-speedgear, the combination of cooperating shafts, a plurality of fixed gears, twoindependently axially movable elements, each movable element comprising two gears, means for combining --said gears and'movable elements so, as to obtain a plurality'of gearedspeeds and a direct drive, means in combination with certain of said gears for obtaining a reverse drive, and a single controlling devicefor obtaining all of the various combinations.

64. In a motor-car change-gear, the combination of cooperating shafts, and gearwheels comprising a single axially-movable element for obtaining two forward speedsanda 'dlrectdrive and a second axially-m ovable element for'ob'taininga different speed.

65. Ina motor-car change-gear, the combination of tWo axially-alinedshafts, a third shaft parallel thereto and Whose axis is fixed relatively to the two alined shafts, four gears on the third shaft, gears on the alined shafts, two of the gears on the alined shafts being l rigidly connected and axially movable, a "155 second movable element adapted to'give two different speeds, a clutch device for rigidly 1 f connecting the. alined shafts means for engaging the various gears and the clutch for obtainingthree forward speeds, and a direct drive, means cooperatingwith certain of said I gears for obtaining a reverse drive, anda singlenianipulating device-for obtaining all I: oft I ,r In ;motor-car change-gear, the comevaiiious combinations.

bination of two axially-alined shafts, a third shaft parallel thereto and whose axis is fixed relatively to the two alined shafts, four gears on the third shaft, gears on the alined shafts, two of the gears on-the alined shaft being rigidly connected and axially movable, a second movable element adapted to give two different speeds, a clutch device for rigidly connecting the two alined shafts, means for engaging the various gears and the clu tch for obtaining three forward speeds and a direct drive and means cooperating with certain of said gears for obtaining a reverse drive.

67. In a motor-car change-gear, the-combination of a driving and a driven shaft axially alined, means for coupling said shafts, a third shaft parallel with said alined shafts, gear-wheels comprising a movable airof spur-gears on one of said alined sha ts and another axially-movable element, said" element being adapted to give two different speeds, means for connecting the said gearing and coupling for obtaining two forward speeds and a direct drive, and means introduced-between the driving-shaft and said third shaft for obtaining-a reverse rotation of the driven shaft.

68. In a motor-car change-gear, two shafts axially alined, a counter-shaft whose axis is fixed relatively to said alined shafts, gears on the alined shafts and on'the counter-shaft and means for coupling the two alined shafts so as to operate 'at'the'same speed, there being tWo axially-movableelements, each of said elements being adapted to effect more than one poWer-transmittmg'.

connection, and means for operatively connecting the parts for obtaining a plurality of forward speeds.

69. In amotor-oar chan e-' ear, two'sliafts axially alined, a counter-s 'a whose axisis fixed relatively to said alined shafts, gears on the alined shafts and on the counter shaft,

means for coupling the two alined shafts-so as to operate'at the same speed, there-bein two axially-movable elements, each -of sai elements being adapted to effect morethan one power-transmitting connection, and a single operating device for operatively connecting the parts for obtaining a plurality of forward speeds.

70. In amotor-car chan eear, three shafts whose axes are fixe re atively to each other and two of which havetheir axes in alinement, a plurality of axially independe'ntly movable elements,- one of said elements comprising a spur-gear and aclutch device and the other movable element comprising 'two gears, cooperatings Ur-gears oil-certain of said shafts, means or operatively em 'ploying said movable elements for obtaining two forward geared speeds'o'f the car and a direct'drive'between said alined shafts, means cooperating with-certain of said'gears for obspeed, a th rd shaft whose axis taining a reverse speed, and a single controlling device for obtaining said various combinations.

71. In a motor-car'change-gear, the combination of two axially-alined shafts, means for coupling said shafts to rotate at the same is fixed relatively thereto, spur-gears on said third shaft, two inde endently-movable elements, each of said e ements comprising two spur gearwheels, and means for operatively connect ing each of said elements so that one of said spur gear-Wheels on one element is out of mesh when the other spur gear-wheel on the same element is in mesh.

72. In a motor-car change-gear, the combination of two axially-aimed shafts, means for con ling them to rotate at the same speed,

a thir shaft whose axis is 'fixed relatively thereto, four spur-gears on said third shaft, a

plurality of spur-gears on said aXially-alined shafts, means for axially and independently moving at least twoof said spur-gears for obtaining three forward geared speeds,

means comprising a spur-gear cooperatin therewith for obtaining a reverse speed, an

'a single controlling device for obtaining the various combinations. This specification signed and witnessed this 3d day of September,'1902.

- H.-WARD LEONARD.

Witnesses; q

HARRY F. DAVIDSON, WALTER H. Mom. 

